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Decoding The Cause Of Young Onset Of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement, affecting millions globally. Over 7 million people worldwide are estimated to live with Parkinson's, with 1 in 100 people over 60 developing the disease. In India, studies suggest a prevalence ranging from 52.7 to 108 per 100,000 population. The disease results from a progressive decrease in dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra of the brain. While it commonly affects populations beyond 60 years, 10-15% of patients have onset before 50 years, known as Young-onset Parkinson’s disease (YOPD), further classified as Juvenile (onset below 21 years) and Young-onset (21-50 years). Early presentation to physicians is common in these cases, as symptoms interfere with work or daily life.

The cause of Parkinson’s remains unknown, with genetics and environmental factors believed to play a role. YOPD patients often have a slowly progressive disease, a good response to medicine, and a positive family history of similar illness, highlighting the role of genetics. Genetics is thought to play a larger role in YOPD compared to environmental factors. Research on the genetics of YOPD aims to understand how gene alterations are linked with cell death, offering potential for gene therapy and a cure. However, it's important to differentiate YOPD from other genetic disorders like Wilson’s disease, which can present with similar features. In summary, genetic factors are common in YOPD, offering an opportunity to understand disease causation and work towards a cure for this progressive neurological illness.

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